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Foundation:-   The lowest part of building, which located below the ground level and which transmit the loads of the structure to the ground are known as Foundations.  Types of Foundation:-     Foundation may be broadly classified into two categories -      1. Shallow foundation      2. Deep foundation Shallow foundation:- Shallow foundation are made by making open excavation. In shallow foundation                                            D ＜ B        Where       D = Depth of foundation      B = Width of foundation Types of shallow foundations - 1. Isolated/Column footing 2. Wall footing 3. Continuous footing 4. Inverted arch footing 5. Spread footing 6. Raft or mat foundation 7. Combined footing 8. Strap or c...